Cafall, the Hunting of Twrch Trwyth and other Quests in Culhwch and Olwen

Forty extraordinary tasks are set before the young Culhwch by the Giant Ysbaddaden, whose daughter, Olwen, Culhwch seeks to marry. For these he enlists the help of King Arthur and his knights, who eagerly accept the challenge of the impossible. The crux of the story is that when Olwen marries, Ysbaddaden will die. And thus, the quests for the forty "wonders" becomes a life and death struggle. The climax falls in the hunt of the once-king now-boar, Twrch Trwyth, whose capture will provide the instruments (comb, scissors, and a razor) of Ysbaddaden's death... by "shaving." This excerpt begins with "Dillus the Bearded" in which readers will recognize Kei (Sir Kay) and Bedwyr (Sir Bedivere)....

	Arthur said, "Now what's best of the rare and difficult things for us to seek
first?"
	"The best is to seek the two young dogs of the Bitch of Rhymhi."
	Arthur said, 'Is it known where she is?"
	One said, "She is at Aber Deu Gleddyf [the estuary at Milford Haven]."
	Arthur came to the house of Tringad at Aber Cleddyf, and he asked, "Have
you heard of her here? What does she look like?"
	He said, "She looks like a she-wolf. And she goes about with her two young
dogs. She has often killed my livestock. And she's down in Aber Cleddyf in a cave."
	Arthur put to sea in his ship Prydwen, and the others went on land to hunt
the bitch, and so they surrounded her and her two young dogs. And for Arthur's sake
God transformed them back into their own shape. Arthur's army dispersed one by one,
two by two.
	. . .    . . .    . . .    . . .    . . .    . . .    . . .    . . .    . . .    . . .    . . .    . . .
	When Kei and Bedwyr were sitting atop Mount Pumlumon, on Carn Gwylathyr,
in the greatest wind in the world, they looked around them and saw a great smoke to the
south, far away from them, not crossing over with the wind. And then Kei said, "By the
hand of my friend, look there, the fire of a hero!" They hurried toward the smoke and came
near and watched from a distance as Dillus the Bearded singed a wild boar. Yet he was
the greatest hero who ever kept free of Arthur. Bedwyr said to Kei, "Do you know him?"
	"I know him," said Kei, "That's Dillus the Bearded. There's no leash in the
world that can hold Drudwyn, the young dog of Greid son of Eri, except a leashed
from the beard of the fellow you see there. And it's no good unless it's pulled live
from his beard with wooden tweezers, because it will be brittle if it's dead."
	"What's our plan for that?" said Bedwyr.
	Kei said, "we'll let him eat his fill of meat, and after that, he'll go to sleep."
While Dillus did that, they made wooden tweezers. When Kei knew for sure that he
was asleep, he dug beneath his feet the biggest pit in the world. he hit him a blow
too big to measure and forced him down into the pit till they completely plucked
out his beard with the wooden tweezers. And after that they killed him altogether.
	And from there the two of them went to Celliwig in Cornwall with the
leash from the beard of Dillus the Bearded, and Kei put it in Arthur's hand. And
then Arthur sang this englyn [Traditional Welsh stanza]:
		Kei made a leash
		From the beard of Dillus son of Eurei.
		If he were well, he'd be your death!
And because of that, Kei sulked, so that the warriors of this island barely made
peace between Kei and Arthur. And still, neither when Arthur lacked resources
nor his men were slaughtered would Kei go with him in his need from that time on.
	And then Arthur said, "Which is best of the rare and difficult things
to seek now?"
	"It is best to seek Drudwyn, the young dog of Greid son of Eri."
	A little before this Creiddylad daughter of Lludd Silver-hand went with
Gwythyr son of Greidawl. And before he slept with her Gwyn son of Nudd came and
took her away by force. Gwythyr son of Greidawl gathered an army and came to fight
with Gwyn so of Nudd. And Gwyn was the victor, and he imprisoned Greid son of Eri,
and Glinneu son of Taran, and Gwrgwst the Half-naked, and Dyfnarth his son. And
he imprisoned Oben son of Nethawg and Nwython and Cyledyr the Wild, his son.
And he killed Nwython and took out his heart. And he forced Cyledyr to eat his father's
heart, and for that reason Cyledyr went mad. Arthur heard of this and came to the north
and summoned Gwyn son of Nudd to him, and released his noblemen from Gwyn's
prison. And he made peace between Gwyn son of Nudd and Gwythyr son of Greidawl.
And this is the peace that was made: to keep the maiden in her father's house, undisturbed
by either side. And every May day from that day till Doomsday, there should be fighting
between Gwyn and Gwythyr. And whichever of them won on Doomsday would take the
girl. And when these noblemen were reconciled thus, Arthur got Dun-mane the horse of
Gweddw, and the leash of Bog Hundred-claws.
	After that Arthur went to Brittany, with Mabon son of Mellt and Gware
Golden-hair, to seek the two dogs of Glythfyr the Breton. And after getting them,
Arthur went to the west of Ireland for Gwrgi Seferi and also Odgar son of Aedd, King
of Ireland. From there Arthur went north and captured Cyledyr the Wild. then he went
after Ysgithyrwyn Chief Boar. And Mabon son of Mellt went with the two dogs of
Glythfyr the Breton in his hand, and Drudwyn, the young dog of Greid son of Eri. And
Arthur himself went on the hunt, with his dog Cafall in his hand. And Caw of Pictland
mounted Llamrei, Arthur's mare, and joined the encounter. he took a hatchet as weapon
and fiercely and brilliantly went after the boar and split its head in two and took the tusk.
It was not the dogs that Ysbaddaden had named to Culhwch that killed the boar,
but Cafall, Arthur's own dog.

[The Hunting of Twrch Trwyth]

	After the slaying of Ysgithyrwyn Chief Boar, Arthur and his followers went
to Celliwig in Cornwall. From there he sent Menw son of Teirgwaedd to see wether the
treasures were between the two ears of Twrch Trwyth. For it would be base to got
fight with him if he did not have the treasures. But he was there, certainly; he had
already devastated a third of Ireland. Menw went seeking the treasures, and the
place where he saw them was at Esgeir Oerfel in Ireland. Menw changed himself into
a bird and alighted above Twrch's lair. He tried to pluck one of the treasures from him.
But he didn't get a thing except one of his bristles. The boar  got up very fiercely and
shook himself so that so that some of his poison got onto him; from then on, Menw
was never without a sore.
	After that Arthur sent a message to Odgar son of Aedd, king of Ireland,
to ask for the cauldron of Diwrnach of Ireland, his Steward. Odgar asked him for it.
Diwrnach said, "God knows, though he should be better for getting one glimpse of it,
he won't have it." and Arthur's messenger came back from Ireland with a "no." Arthur
set out with a light force with him and boarded Prydwen his ship and went to Ireland.
They went to the house of Diwrnach the Irishman. The troops of Odgar saw their
number. After they ate and drank their portion, Arthur asked for the cauldron.
Diwrnach answered that if he were to give it to anyone, he would give it at the 
word of Odgar, King of Ireland. After he said no to them, Bedwyr got up and took
hold of the cauldron and put it on the back of Hygwydd, Arthur's servant. He was
brother by the same mother to Cacamwri, Arthur's servant, and his regular function
was to carry Arthur's cauldron and to start a fire under it.
	Llenlleawg the Irishman seized Caledfwlch [Arthur's sword] and swung
it in a circle and killed Diwrnach the Irishman and all his band. The hosts of Ireland
came and fought with them. And when the hosts fled utterly, Arthur and his men went
in their presence into his ship, and with them was the cauldron full of the treasure of
Ireland. And they disembarked at the house of Llwydeu son of Cel Coed at port Cerddin
in Dyfed. and [a place called] "Cauldron's Measure" is there.
	And then Arthur assembled the soldiers to be found in the Three Realms
of Britain and its Three Adjacent Islands, and those in France and Brittany and the
Land of Summer; and the available choice hounds and celebrated horses. And he
went with all these forces to Ireland. And there was great fear and trembling in Ireland
because of him. And after Arthur landed, the saints of Ireland came to him to ask his
protection. And he gave them protection,  and they in turn gave him their blessing.
The men of Ireland came to Arthur and gave him a tribute of food.
	Arthur came to Esgeir Oerfel in Ireland, to the place where Twrch Trwyth
was, and his seven young pigs with him. Dogs were unleashed at him on every
side. That day till evening the Irish fought with Twrch Trwyth. despite that,
one-fifth of Ireland was laid waste.
	The next day Arthur's warband fought with Twrch Trwyth; apart from
what they got of evil from him, they got nothing good. The third day Arthur himself
fought with him-- for nine nights and nine days. he killed only one youngling of
his pigs. the men asked Arthur what was the explanation for that pig [Twrch Trwyth].
He answered, "He was a king, and for his sins God turned him into a pig."
	Arthur sent Gwrhyr, Interpreter of Languages, to try to talk to him. Gwrhyr
went in the form of a bird and alight above the lair of him and his seven young pigs.
And Gwrhyr, the Interpreter of Languages, asked him, "For His sake who made you in
this shape? If you can speak I implore one of you to come and talk with Arthur.
	Grugyn Silver-bristle gave a response. Like wings of silver were all his
bristles; the path he took through wood and meadow could be seen by how his
bristles shone. This is the answer Grugyn gave: "By Him who made us in this shape,
we will not do it, and we will say nothing to Arthur. It was enough evil that God did
to us, who made us in this shape, without you, too, coming to fight with us."
	"I tell you that Arthur will fight for the comb and razor and the scissors
that are between the two ears of Twrch Trwyth."
	Grugyn said, "Until his life is first taken, those treasures will not be taken.
And tomorrow morning we shall set out from here and go to Arthur's land and do the
greatest damage there that we can."
	They set out by sea for Wales. And Arthur came with his armies and his
horses and his dogs aboard Prydwen. And a sharp eye they kept on them. Twrch Trwyth
landed at Port Clais in Dyfed [to the south of St. David's]. That night Arthur came as far
as Mynyw [St. David's]. The next day Arthur was told they had gone by. And he overtook
Twrch Trwyth killing the cattle of Cynwas Cwryfagyl, after killing the men and beasts that
were in Gleddyf [the region about the estuary of Milford Haven] before Arthur's coming.
	From the time Arthur came Twrch Trwyth headed from there toward Presseleu
[the Preseli mountain range in north Pembrokeshire]. Arthur came there with the world's
armies. He sent his men to the hunt: Eli and Trachmyr and Drudwyn, the young dog of
Greid son of Eri, in his own hand; and Gwarthegydd son of Caw on the other flank, with
the two dogs of Glythfyr the Breton in his hand; and Bedwyr with Cafall, Arthur's dog,
in his hand. And he grouped all the soldiers on either side of the Nyfer [a stream in north
Pembrokeshire]. the three sons of Cleddyf Difwlch came, men who had won great fame
at the killing of Ysgithyrwyn Chief Boar.
	And the Twrch Trwyth set out from Glyn Nyfer and came to Cwm Cerwyn, and
there he stood at bay. And he killed four of Arthur's champions: Gwarthegydd son of Caw,
and Tarawg of Allt Clwyd, and Rheiddwn son of Eli Adfer, and Isgofan the Generous. And
he killed Gwydre son of Arthur, and Garselid the Irishman, and Glew son of Ysgawd, and
Isgawyn son of Banon. And then he himself was wounded.
	The next morning at break of day some of the men overtook him. And he killed
Huandaw, Gogigwr, and Penpingion, three servants of Glewlwyd Mighty-grip, so that God
knows there was no servant of his in the world but Llaesgymyn, a man who improved no
one's situation. And along with these he killed many men of the land, and Gwylddyn the
Builder, Arthur's Chief Builder. and then Arthur overtook him at Pelumiawg, and he slew
Madawg son of Teithion, Gwyn son of Tringad son of Nefedd, and Eiriawn Penlloran.
From there he went to Abertywi and made a stand against them. He killed Cynlas son of
Cynan and Gwilenhin, King of France. he went from there to Glyn Ystu, and then the men
and dogs lost him.
	Arthur summoned Gwyn son of Nudd to him, and asked him if he knew anything
of Twrch Trwyth. he said that he did not. Thereupon all the huntsmen went hunting the pig,
to the Vale of Llychwr. And Grugyn Silver-hair and Llwydawg the Suitor descended upon
them and slew the huntsmen so that none of them escaped alive except one man. In response
Arthur came with his armies to where Grugyn and Llwydawg were unleashed against them all
the appointed dogs. As soon as Grugyn and Llwydawg stood at bay, Twrch Trwyth came to
protect them. Since they crossed the Irish Sea, he had not seen them till then. The men and
dogs fell upon him. He broke into flight to Mount Amanw. Then one of his pigs was slain
and they went at it life for life. Twrch Llawin was killed and another of his pigs named Gwys.
They moved on to Amanw Vale, and there Banw and Benwig were killed. From that place
none of his pigs accompanied him alive except Grugyn Silver-hair and Llwydawg the Suitor. 
	They proceeded to lake Ewin, where Arthur overtook him. Twrch made a stand
and killed Echel Mighty-thigh and Arwyli son of Gwyddawg Gwyr and many other men and
dogs. From there he went to lake Tawy. Then Grugyn Silver-bristle separated from them
and went to Fort Tywi and on to Ceredigion. After him went Eli and Trachmyr and a great
throng. He came as far as Garth Grugyn, and there he was killed.
	Llwydawg the Suitor was in the vicinity and killed Rhuddfyw Rhys and many
besides. Then Llwydawg went as far as Ystrad Yw. There the men of Brittany encountered
him. He killed Tall Peisawg, the King of Brittany, and Red-eye the Stallion, and Gwrfoddw,
Arthur's uncles, his mother's brothers. Then Llwydawg himself was slain.
	Twrch Trwyth then made his way between Tawy and Ewyas [a region in
southeastern Wales]. Arthur summoned the men of Cornwall and Devon to stop him at
the mouth of the Severn. Arthur said to the warriors of the Island: "Twrch Trwyth has
slain many of my subjects. by men's valor, so long as I live, he shall not go to Cornwall!
I will not chase after him any more, but will go at him life for life! You do what you will."
	What happened is that by his council an army of knights, and dogs of the
island with them, was sent to Ewyas; from there they came back to the Severn and
ambushed Twrch Trwyth with whatever tested fighters were in the island. they drove
him battling into the Severn. And Mabon son of Modron went with him into the Severn
River on White Dun-mane, Gweddw's steed, and Goreu son of Custennin, and Menw
son of Teirgwaedd, between Llyn Lliwan and the estuary of the River Wye. And Arthur
fell on him, and the champions of Britain with him. Osla Big-knife closed in, and
Manawydan son of Llyr, and Cacamwri, Arthur's servant, and Gwyngelli surrounded
him. First they grabbed him by the feet and dunked him in the Severn till it flooded
over him. On one side Mabon son of Modron spurred his horse and got the razor
from him; and on the other side, Cyledyr the Wild on another horse plunged with
him into the Severn and took the scissors from him. before they could remove the
comb, Twrch found land with his feet, and from the time he reached land, no dog
nor man nor horse could keep up with him till he got to Cornwall. 
	Whatever trouble they had trying to get those treasures, they had worse
trouble trying to rescue the two men from drowning. as Cacamwri was pulled up,
two millstones pulled him back to the depths. As Osla Big-knife was running after
Twrch, his knife fell from its sheath, and he lost it; then his sheath got filled with water,
and when he was pulled up he sheath dragged him down to the depths.
	Arthur went on with his armies till he reached Twrch Trwyth in Cornwall.
Whatever trouble he had had before was play compared with what he now had seeking
the comb. Yet trough trouble upon trouble the comb was won from him. Then Twrch
Trwyth was harried out of Cornwall and driven straight into the sea. afterward it was
never know where he went and Aned and Aethlem [two pursuing hounds] with him.
And Arthur went from there to Celliwig in Cornwall to bathe and cast off his weariness.

-- Culhwch and Olwen from The Romance of Arthur: an Anthology of Medieval Texts in Translation.. Ed. James J. Wilhelm. New, expanded edition. Garland Reference Library of the Humanities; vol. 1267. (New York : Garland Publishing, 1994). pp52-57.

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