Education
Ph.D., Philosophy/Genetics (Independent), Washington State University, 1985
M.A., Philosophy, Washington State University, February 1982
B.A., Philosophy, Washington State University, 1980, Summa cum laude, Phi Beta Kappa
Areas of Research & Teaching
Ethics in Science, Technology, and American Society
Gender, Race, Ethnicity in America
Environmental/Agricultural Philosophy
Medical Ethics
Selected Publications
“A Paradox of Ethical Vegetarianism,” in Food for Thought, Steve Sapontzis, ed., Prometheus, 2003.
Animal, Vegetable, or Woman? A Feminist Critique of Ethical Vegetarianism, SUNY Press, 2000.
“Ethical Vegetarianism is Unfair to Women and Children,” in Earth Ethics: Environmental Ethics, Animal Rights, and Practical Applications, 2nd ed., James P. Sterba, ed., Prentice Hall, 1999.
“Values of Residents of Rural America,” in Encyclopedia of Rural America, Gary A. Goreham, ed., ABC–CLIO, 1997.
“Reply to Adams, Donovan, Gruen and Gaard,” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 21 (1995), pp. 242–260.
“Discrimination and Bias in the Vegan Ideal,” Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 7 (1994), pp. 19–28.
“Use and Abuse Revisited: Response to Pluhar and Varner,” Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 7 (1994), pp. 41–76.
“Should Feminists Be Vegetarians?” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 19 (1994), pp. 405–434.
Agricultural Ethics: Issues for the 21st Century, with Peter G. Hartel and James Vorst, eds., Tri-Societies Publications, 1994.
Readings in the Development of Moral Thought, 2nd ed., with Marvin Henberg, eds., Kendall/Hunt, 1992.
“Sustainability and the Moral Community,” Agriculture and Human Values 9 (1992), pp. 48–57.
“Moral and Nonmoral Innate Constraints,” Biology and Philosophy 7 (1992), pp. 189–202.